Automobile tire description
The tire was chosen as an example because of tire high aromatic expanded oil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the example of risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tire because has not covered: but, this example is not based on the recognition of individual producers or importers, but based on the understanding of professional knowledge.
Automobile tire is a complex of high-tech security products, which is composed of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, fabric, metal reinforcing inner lining and a series of additives (such as high aromatic oil, Zinc Oxide etc.) made, ensure the product performance, durability and safety. The tire is the sole support the vehicle and the ground, the road safety, the tire products include automotive, truck, bus and trailer and summer and winter tire.
The new tire through two ways to reach the hands of users, one is the new tires mounted on the car body, namely "original equipment market", another is the user with old change new, namely "update market", "recycling market" belongs to "update market," because only for updated (the tire tread), it is a special case.
In the vast majority of EU Member States, "the service life of the tire" (ELT) "is the tire manufacturer's responsibility," the service life of the tire (ELT) index can have a variety of applications, such as alternative fuel, an old tire recycling and recycling of materials. In Sweden, the main use of recycled tire is used as alternative fuels, only small part is recycling, processing granule old tires and slicing can also be used to do things like roads and buildings at the bottom of the laying of civil engineering project material.
The reason for the tyre choice
● users and uses: widely used
● the type of supply chain: share products in the supply chain within the EU production accounted for a very high share of about 70% of the total.
● exposure process: as the release to the environment example, aging and release the material with the product.
● file: existing experience to free KemI a project received (Sweden (1994) [10] and European Rubber Industry Association (BLIC) provides information.
Manufacturers / importers
This example is not for individual companies to compile, only shows the general situation of tire production within the EU, the same is true of the importer.
Substance identification
The tyre manufacturer must find the appendix X III SVHC material list and appendix Xm includes the SVHC candidate list, the work in the agency issued the list should proceed (clause 5).
Due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons impurities with high aromatic expanded oil, this oil is classified as category 2 carcinogens, and some polycyclic aromatic compounds are likely to be included in the above mentioned SVHC waiting list.
PAHs are a group of complex compound, one of the most hazardous to health and the environment, in fact they are the largest known of a class of carcinogens, planar molecular structure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benzene ring can be combined with DNA in the cells, most living organisms can be transformed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but its degradation products often than the original material more harmful.
In the classification (KIFS 2001:3) of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds containing high aromatic oil is included in the 2 class of carcinogens, according to this classification to classify the polycyclic aromatic compounds are listed in table 10, many of them are included in this framework directive for endangering its inherent characteristics and some international regulations.
It must be pointed out that the sale and use of high aromatic oil tire products will be banned in January 1, 2010, tire industry is the development of high aromatic oil non carcinogen substitutes based on.
Table 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high aromatic oil (PAHs) and some important physical and chemical properties
物质 | 持久性 | 生产富集型 | 致癌性[11](2类) |
蒽烯 | (+) | ||
苯并芘(a) | + | + | + |
Benzo(a)pyrene | + | + | + |
苯并苊(b) | + | + | + |
Benzo(e)pyrene | + | + | |
苯并(g,h,I)二萘嵌苯 | + | + | - |
屈 | + | + | + |
二苯(a,h)葸 | + | + | + |
苯并苊 | + | + | - |
Indeno(1，2,3-c,d)pyrene | + | + | - |
Pyrene | - | ||
苯并苊(j) | + | + | + |
苯并苊(k) | - |
Confirm whether the substance has been registered
After the entry into force of the REACH implementation.
The concentration of a substance information
Types of tire high aromatic oil content depends on the tire, the EU market on a common automobile tires typically contains 600 grams of high aromatic oil, oil into the rubber mixture but not occur chemical reaction, the contents of PAHs in these aromatic oil is generally not more than 400ppm, the typical content in 100-200ppm.
Calculate the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tire to consider exposure the worst, usually with average weight and oil content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a tire (Table 3) as the representative, the life cycle assessment data calculation of BLIC provides ordinary cars based on European tire.
Calculation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Table 3 of the EU market in a car tire
The oil content of the EU market ordinary tire weight in a tire
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in oil (ppm= μ g/g
欧盟市场普通汽车轮胎重量 | 轮胎中的 油含量 | 油中多环芳烃含量(ppm=μg/g) | |||||
400 | 200 | 100 | |||||
轮胎中mg | 轮胎中％ | 轮胎中mg | 轮胎中％ | 轮胎中mg | 轮胎中％ | ||
8700g | 600g | 240 | 0.003 | 120 | 0.001 | 60 | 0.0007 |
=27.6ppm | =13.8ppm | =6.9ppm | |||||
It can be seen from table 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of tire is far lower than the informed (clause 6 (2)) and downstream product information exchange (Clause 30 (4) of limited value of 0.1% (w/w), therefore, obviously single PAHs containing <<0.1%.
Every year, the production of quality information
In view of no more than the concentration limits, the quality of the information is not important, this example does not provide specific information about the product yield of any company.
Company in accordance with Clause 6 or 30 (4) schematic diagram of the decision-making process to confirm the existence of responsibility
Example: high aromatic oil contained in the extension of tire
The first chapter 1 query:
1 you are the object of the first EU producers or importers?
Yes
2 your body is commodity?
Yes, the tire is commodity
The use of process 1 "confirmed in accordance with Clause 6 or 30 (4) are there any requirements"
1 process: 1 product potential release?
No.
Conclusion: the registration registration is not required
2 process: 1 product contains SVHC - included in the list of alternatives and appendix X III?
Yes, high aromatic oil because of the introduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the production process, and belongs to the 2 kind of carcinogen.
Should pay attention to, along with the 27th technology of 76/769/EC bill progress adaptability (ATP) implementation, sale and use of tire products containing high aromatic oil will be banned, now in 2010, an alternative steps are brewing process.
1 process: 3 to determine the concentration of SVHC?
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil (the sum of the substances) in the worst case concentration is 400ppm, the average level in the 100~200ppm (mg/kg), it should be noted that this value is the sum of the substances, as shown in Figure 12, each tire PAHs concentration in 27 (worst case) to 7ppm change, this means that the limited value of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in less than 0.1% of tire.
2 process: 3 concentration was higher than 0.1% (w/w)?
No, stop: no need to continue to evaluate the.
Conclusion: do not ask, do not need to exchange information and receiver.
Examples of annotation
This example shows how to use the evaluation of the manufacturer / importer professional knowledge by clauses 6 and 30 (4) constraint. The polycyclic aromatic oil use tire product in the aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on the understanding, can be concluded that the limit, SVHC concentrations may tire of less than 0.1% and therefore, does not need to be in accordance with Clause 6 (2) of the products do not need to inform, in accordance with Clause 30 (4) and the receiver in the exchange of information.
Results the flow chart of 1 and 2 is more perfect, as shown in the previous example, the results of chemical analysis and annual production / imports have been inserted into the document form. The necessary assessment according to the REACH document can be made of existing quality management system to complete the.